Federal 25C and HEEHRA generally don't stack on the same piece of equipment — you pick the more favorable one. 25C is a tax credit; HEEHRA is an upfront discount. Below ~150% AMI, HEEHRA usually wins for heat pumps and HPWH. Above that, 25C is the path.
Federal and utility programs DO stack for most categories. A heat pump install can pick up 25C (federal) + PSE rebate (utility) + WA sales-tax exemption simultaneously.
Trade Ally / Network contractor matters. Utility programs commonly require your installer be enrolled in the utility's contractor network. Confirm before signing — switching contractors mid-project to access rebates is messy.
Program funding can run out. Especially HEEHRA and utility programs with annual budgets. The rebate that looked confirmed in January can be exhausted by October. Get pre-approval letters in writing before purchasing.